Introduced and invasive species

Non-indigenous organisms have been deliberately and sometimes accidentally introduced into aquatic ecosystems. Non-native species may become invasive species potentially displacing native species.

Invasive Elodea
A Three-spine Stickleback swims by strands of invasive Elodea weed in Eyak Lake near Cordova, Alaska.
Actinopterygii Alaska Animal Biology Chordata Class Actinopterygii Cordova Elodia Eyak Lake Gasterosteiformes Gasterosteus aculeatus Infraclass Teleostei Neopterygii Phylum Chordata Plant Prince William Sound South Central Alaska Subclass Neopterygii Teleost Teleostei Threespine Stickleback United States Vertebrate biological chordate invasive invasive species living organism under fresh water underwater www.salmonography.com
Blacktail Snapper
Blacktail Snapper (Lutjanus fulvus), a non-native fish species that was deliberately introduced to Hawaii in the 1950s, photographed under water at Molokini Crater which is offshore of Maui, Hawaii, USA.
Actinopterygii Animal Biology Blacktail Snapper Chordata Class Actinopterygii Cnidaria Ecology Fish Infraclass Teleostei Invertebrate Lutjanidae Lutjanus fulvus Molokini Crater dive site Neopterygii Perciformes Percoidei Phylum Chordata Phylum Cnidaria Seacam underwater housing Subclass Neopterygii Teleost Teleostei Vertebrate animals aquarium aquatic biological biosphere chordate cnidarian coelenterate colorful coral deep dive diving exotic fin food fish in situ life living marine naturalworld ocean organism reef saltwater scuba sea snapper spinyfinned fish swim swimming tank travel tropical underwater vacation water wildlife winter
Lurking Peacock Grouper
Peacock Grouper (Cephalopholis argus) lurking in a Hawaiian reef comprised of lava and coral. The Peacock Gouper is now considered to be an invasive species.
Actinopterygii Animal Biology Cephalopholis argus Chordata Class Actinopterygii Ecology Infraclass Teleostei Kona coast dive site Neopterygii Peacock Grouper Perciformes Percoidei Phylum Chordata Pyramid Pinnacle Seacam underwater housing Serranidae Subclass Neopterygii Teleost Teleostei Vertebrate biological biosphere chordate in situ living marine life naturalworld nature organism underwater underwaterphoto wild winter
Schooling Bluestripe Snapper
School of Bluestripe Snapper (Lutjanus kasmira), a species that was deliberately introduced into Hawaiian waters that is now considered to be an invasive species.
Actinopterygii Animal Biology Bluestripe Snapper Chordata Class Actinopterygii Ecology Infraclass Teleostei Kauai Island Lutjanidae Lutjanus kasmira Neopterygii Perciformes Percoidei Phylum Chordata Seacam underwater housing Subclass Neopterygii Teleost Teleostei Vertebrate biological biosphere chordate in situ introduced species invasive invasive species living marine life naturalworld nature organism scuba scuba diving underwater underwater photography underwaterphoto wild
Peacock Grouper with prey
Peacock Grouper (Cephalopholis argus) swims by with fish prey in its mouth off Kauai, Hawaii, USA during the spring. The Peacock Gouper is now considered to be an invasive species.
Actinopterygii Animal Biology Cephalopholis argus Chordata Class Actinopterygii Ecology Hawaii Infraclass Teleostei Kauai Island Kauai dive site Sheraton Caverns Neopterygii Peacock Grouper Perciformes Percoidei Phylum Chordata Seacam underwater housing Serranidae Spring Subclass Neopterygii Teleost Teleostei United States Vertebrate biological biosphere chordate in situ introduced species invasive invasive species living marine life naturalworld nature organism scuba scuba diving underwater underwater photography underwaterphoto wild
Native and introduced sargeants at a cleaning station
Hawaii has two closely-related sargeant fish species, the native and endemic Hawaiian Sargeant (Abudeduf abdomalis) and the invasive Indopacific Sargeant (Abudeduf vaigiensis) that can and have interbred.
Abudefduf abdominalis Abudefduf vaigiensis Actinopterygii Animal Big Island Biology Chordata Class Actinopterygii Cleaner Wrasse Ecology Hawaii Hawaii Island Hawaiian Sergeant IndoPacific Sergeant Infraclass Teleostei Kona Labridae Labroidei Labroides phthirophagus Neopterygii Perciformes Phylum Chordata Pomacentridae Seacam underwater housing Subclass Neopterygii Teleost Teleostei The Big Island United States Vertebrate biological biosphere chordate cleaning station in situ invasive species living marine life naturalworld nature organism underwater underwaterphoto wild
Schooling Bluestripe Snappers
Schooling Bluestripe Snappers (Lutjanus kasmira), a species deliberately introduced into Hawaian waters and now considered invasive, off the Kona coast, The Big island, Hawaii, USA.
Actinopterygii Animal Big Island Biology Bluestripe Snapper Chordata Class Actinopterygii Ecology Hawaii Hawaii Island Infraclass Teleostei Kona Lutjanidae Lutjanus kasmira Neopterygii Perciformes Percoidei Phylum Chordata Seacam underwater housing Subclass Neopterygii Teleost Teleostei The Big Island United States Vertebrate biological biosphere chordate in situ living marine life naturalworld nature organism underwater underwaterphoto wild
Bluestripe Snapper school
Bluestripe Snapper (Lutjanus kasmira), an invaisive species, schooled at Garden Eel Cove, Kona Coast, Hawaii Island during the spring.
Actinopterygii Animal Biology Bluestripe Snapper Chordata Class Actinopterygii Ecology Infraclass Teleostei Kaloko Arches Kona coast dive site Lutjanidae Lutjanus kasmira Neopterygii Pacificstock RF Perciformes Percoidei Phylum Chordata Seacam underwater housing Spring Subclass Neopterygii Teleost Teleostei Vertebrate biological biosphere chordate in situ introduced species invasive invasive species living marine life naturalworld nature organism underwater underwaterphoto wild www.salmonography.com
Brook Trout and precotial parr male observe a female Chinook Salmon
A Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), an introduced species, and a precotial parr stage male observe a female Chinook Salmon a.k.a King salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) spawner in the Yakima River, Washington, USA.
Actinopterygii Alaska wild salmon Animal Biology Brook Trout Chinook Salmon Chordata Class Actinopterygii Easton Ecology Infraclass Teleostei King Salmon Neopterygii Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Pacific salmon Phylum Chordata Reproductive behavior Salmonidae Salmoniformes Salmoninae Salvelinus fontinalis Seacam underwater housing Subclass Neopterygii Summer Teleost Teleostei United States Vertebrate Washington State Yakima River anadromous anadromy biological biosphere chordate courtship diadromous diadromy fresh water freshwater in situ invasive species living lotic male behavior migratory naturalworld nature organism photographed under water precocial parr precocious parr semelparity semelparous stream under fresh water underwater underwaterphoto wild
Breeding female Indo-Pacific Sergeant
A breeding female Indo-Pacific Sergeant (Abudeduf vaigienesis), an invasive species, over her egg mass at Molokini Crater, Maui Island, Hawaii. Her extended genital papilla is visible (forward of anal fin). Aspect Ratio = 16:9.
Abudefduf vaigiensis Actinopterygii Animal Biology Blueeye Damselfish Chordata Class Actinopterygii Ecology Genital Papilla IndoPacific Sergeant Infraclass Teleostei Labroidei Molokini Crater dive site Neopterygii Perciformes Phylum Chordata Plectroglyphiododon johnsonianus Pomacentridae Reproductive behavior Seacam underwater housing Subclass Neopterygii Teleost Teleostei Vertebrate biological biosphere chordate courtship damselfish eggs female in situ living marine life naturalworld nature organism reproduction spawning spawning behavior underwater underwaterphoto wild winter
Snowflake Coral
Snowflake Coral (Carijoa riisei), an invasive species, growing on the St. Anthony wreck at Maui Island, Hawaii.
Alcyonaria Animal Anthozoa Biology Carijoa riisei Class Anthozoa Clavulariidae Cnidaria Ecology Hawaii Invertebrate Octocorallia Order Alcyonaria Phylum Cnidaria Seacam underwater housing Subclass Octocorallia Suborder Stolonifera United States biological biosphere cnidarian coelenterate in situ introduced species invasive species living marine life naturalworld nature octocoral organism snowflake coral underwater underwater photography underwaterphoto wild www.salmonography.com
Invasive and native freshwater macrophytes in the Eyak River, Alaska
Invasive Elodea found growing among native pondweed (Potamogeton spp.) in the Eyak River, near Cordova, Alaska/
Actinopterygii Alaska Angiosperm Animal Biology Chordata Class Actinopterygii Copper River Delta Ecology Elodea Family Hydrocharitaceae Family Potamogetonaceae Infraclass Teleostei Kingdom Plantae Monocot Neopterygii Oncorhynchus kisutch Order Alismatales Pacific salmon Phylum Chordata Plant Pond Weed Potamogeton Salmonidae Salmoniformes Salmoninae South Central Alaska South Central Alaska 2 Subclass Neopterygii Teleost Teleostei United States Vertebrate aquatic macrophyte biological biosphere chordate fry in situ invasive invasive species living naturalworld organism underwater www.salmonography.com
Blacktail Snapper
Blacktail Snapper (Lutjanus fulvus), a non-native fish species that was deliberately introduced to Hawaii in the 1950s, photographed under water at Molokini Crater which is offshore of Maui, Hawaii, USA.
Actinopterygii Animal Biology Blacktail Snapper Chordata Class Actinopterygii Ecology Hawaii Infraclass Teleostei Lutjanidae Lutjanus fulvus Neopterygii Perciformes Percoidei Phylum Chordata Seacam underwater housing Subclass Neopterygii Teleost Teleostei United States Vertebrate biological biosphere chordate in situ introduced species living marine marine life naturalworld nature organism scuba scuba diving snapper underwater underwater photography underwaterphoto wild www.salmonography.com
Cooperative hunting
A Peacock Grouper (Cephalopis argus), an introduced fish species, and a Whitemouth Moray Eel (Gymnothorax meleagris) hunting cooperatively on the Kona coast, the Big Island, Hawaii, USA.
Actinopterygii Anguilliformes Animal Biology Cephalopholis argus Chordata Class Actinopterygii Ecology Gymnothorax meleagris Hawaii Infraclass Teleostei Muraenidae Neopterygii Peacock Grouper Perciformes Percoidei Phylum Chordata Seacam underwater housing Serranidae Subclass Neopterygii Teleost Teleostei United States Vertebrate Whitemouth Moray Eel biological biosphere chordate coopertive hunting grouper in situ introduced species invasive invasive species living marine life moray mutualism naturalworld nature organism scuba scuba diving underwater underwater photography underwaterphoto wild
Bluestripe Snappers
Bluestripe Snapper (Lutjanus kasmira), a species that was deliberately introduced into Hawaiian waters that is now considered to be an invasive species.
Actinopterygii Animal Biology Bluestripe Snapper Chordata Class Actinopterygii Ecology Hawaii Infraclass Teleostei Lutjanidae Lutjanus kasmira Neopterygii Perciformes Percoidei Phylum Chordata Seacam underwater housing Subclass Neopterygii Teleost Teleostei United States Vertebrate biological biosphere chordate in situ introduced species invasive invasive species living marine marine life naturalworld nature organism scuba scuba diving snapper underwater underwater photography underwaterphoto wild